绿豆种质资源成株期抗旱性鉴定

作物种质资源抗旱性鉴定是获得抗旱资源和挖掘抗旱基因的前提。本研究以21份绿豆种质资源为材料,采用温室内盆栽控水旱胁迫,考察不同品种单株产量、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株地上部生物量、单株生物量、根冠比等12项指标,计算各指标在旱胁迫与对照条件下的比值,运用相关性分析、隶属函数、抗旱系数和抗旱指数方法,评价绿豆成株期抗旱性,筛选抗旱优异种质。结果表明,抗旱系数与单株地上部生物量、单株总生物量、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株有效荚数在旱胁迫与对照条件下的比值呈极显著正相关,与根冠比呈极显著负相关,从而遴选出这7项指标作为绿豆成株期抗旱性鉴定的评价指标;基于隶属函数、抗旱系数和抗旱指数三者呈极显著正相关,且3种评价抗旱分级结果一致性较高,故认为抗旱指数法适宜于大规模绿豆成株期抗旱性鉴定;筛选获得高抗种质3份、抗旱种质6份、中抗种质4份、敏感种质5份和极敏感种质3份。     

小麦HMW-GS与戊聚糖含量及其组分的相关分析和聚类分析

分析了21个不同小麦品种的HMW_GS组成,并测定了各品种戊聚糖及其组分的含量。根据亚基评分对不同小麦品种HMW_GS等位基因位点变异和亚基组合类型与戊聚糖、各组分和组分比值进行了相关分析,又根据评分和总戊聚糖含量对这21个品种进行了聚类。结果表明,供试材料的HMW_GS组合类型有11余种;不同品种间,阿拉伯糖变异大,木糖变异小,戊聚糖含量和各组分均有较大差异;大部分指标与Glu_1位点有显著的负相关,其中Glu_D1位点大于另外2个位点;N,7,17 18和2 12亚基对戊聚糖及各组分含量影响较大,烘烤品质较好的亚基1和5 10对戊聚糖及各组分含量的贡献则较小;含有亚基组合(N,7,2 12)的大部分戊聚糖指标含量均较高;聚类分析中把这些品种分为4类,第1类可以作为饲料生产,第3类可以作为食品工业生产。     

芥兰老化种子活力指标相关性分析

研究了芥兰种子经人工老化后各活力指标的相关性.结果表明,芥兰种子经人工老化后,各活力指标均有显著变化;种子发芽率,活力指数,POD活性与田间出苗率呈显著正相关,而种子浸出液的电导率则与田间出苗率呈显著负相关.经人工老化的芥兰种子发芽率与田间出苗率的相关程度最高,老化法发芽率可直接预测芥兰种子田间出苗率.     

零式果枝海岛棉铃部性状和纤维品质的遗传及相关分析

采用加性-显性及其与环境互作的遗传模型，对8个零式株型海岛棉亲本及其28个组合F1代的5个铃部性状和5个纤维品质性状的2年资料，进行了方差分析和成对性状间的遗传相关分析。结果表明，在铃部性状中，铃柄长的加性效应对表现型总变异的贡献最大（VA/VP=33%），其次是铃粗；在纤维品质性状中，比强度、伸长率和麦克隆值的加性     

Genetic diversity in the parental lines and heterosis of the tropical rice hybrids

Genetic diversity within and between the maintainer (B) and restorer (R) lines used in hybrid breeding programs of the Philippine was investigated with information from analysis of pedigree record, quantitative traits and SSR assays. Mean coefficients of coancestry were calculated as 0.11 within R lines, 0.27 within B lines, and 0.04 between R and B lines, indicating greater diversity among R lines than among B lines, and the significant divergence between B and R lines. These results are consistent with those obtained from quantitative trait analysis and SSR marker assays. Relative gene diversity for 37 random SSR markers averaged 0.20 within B lines,0.28 within R lines, and 0.52 between two groups of lines. There were no consistent associations among various genetic diversity measures. Random sets of SSR marker and pedigree based diversity measures had no significant correlation with mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and biomass, indicating that prediction of heterosis for complex traits based on these two genetic diversity estimates is difficult. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

优质早籼稻产量性状分析及育种策略探讨

对115份优质早籼稻新品系的产量性状与产量的相关分析和通径分析结果表明：各产量性状均与产量呈正相关,除株高外,其余5个性状与产量的相关均达极显著或显著水平,产量性状之间存在着相互制约和相互依赖的关系;每穴穗数对产量的贡献最大（47.84%）,其次为每穗总粒数（21.86%）,再次为千粒重和结实率（分别为14.47%和9.46%）.根据分析结果,笔者认为优质早籼稻高产育种应主攻分蘖和提高分蘖成穗率,同时注意提高每穗粒数和千粒重.优质早籼稻高产（即产量达500～600kg/667m^2）育种的产量性状模式为单株有效穗8～10穗、每穗总粒数125～150粒、结实率80%以上、千粒重24～27g.     

铣削刀具不同磨损期振动信号的分维特征

提出了应用铣削刀具磨损工作状态下的振动加速度信号的关联维数来描述刀具不同磨损状态下的特征,进而实现对状态的监测、识别。试验证明,刀具磨损在相同状态下,振动信号具有相近的关联维数,在不同状态下则有明显的关联维数。因此,关联维数不仅可以作为状态监测与识别的重要依据,而且可以作为其他特征提取方法的补充。     

不同番茄品种氮素吸收利用的差异

以吉林省市场上常见的25个番茄品种为材料,研究了同一氮素水平不同番茄品种氮素吸收利用差异。结果表明：番茄总吸氮量和氮素利用效率的变幅分别为262.8～460.1 kg?hm-2和281～526 kg?kg-1。聚类分析表明,吸氮能力较弱、氮素利用效率较高、产量高的品种有4个：朝研219、瑞琦1号、四季粉红、佳粉19,产量平均值为145 754 kg?hm-2。相关分析及通径分析表明,总吸氮量与番茄产量呈显著正相关,并对提高番茄产量起主导作用。     

The genetic variability,inheritance and inter-relationships of ascorbic acid, β-carotene,phenol and anthocyanin content in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is rich source of dietary antioxidants, minerals and nutrients. Dietary antioxidants have been known as beneficial for enhancing the fitness, preventing certain diseases and even mitigating the effects of ageing. The objectives of the present study were to determine variability and inheritance of antioxidants, to identify antioxidant rich and productive genotypes, and to suggest suitable breeding approaches. The genotypes, namely Ofra, Chandler, Festival and Camarosa showed higher concentrations of dietary antioxidants and therefore could be useful in future breeding. Results indicate that the effect of the genotypes on antioxidant contents is stronger than that of the environment. The high heritability (>80%) and low genetic advance as percentage of mean (<40%) for ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents could be improved by heterosis breeding. However, selection and hybridization would be effective tools to enhance the phenols and anthocyanin content, and yield potential as these traits showed high heritability (>80%) and high genetic advance as percentage of mean (>40%). Positive direct effect on fruit yield was highest for phenol content (0.609) which is also fairly close to its correlation coefficient (0.765) indicating that a direct selection based on phenol content would be most effective and that the phenol content could be used as a reliable biochemical marker to identify the productive genotypes having higher amounts of dietary antioxidants. The information could also be used for developing antioxidant rich cultivars, i.e. ‘Breeding Strawberry for High Antioxidants’.     

长江上游低山丘陵区小流域森林植被变化对径流影响分析

森林植被的变化可以调节森林水文过程。本文以广元市碗厂沟的5个小流域为研究对象,根据实测水位资料,分析了在植被恢复过程中流域径流的变化情况。结果表明:随着森林植被的不断恢复,(1)流域降水转化为径流的数量(即径流系数)降低;(2)在相同的雨量级与相似的雨强情况洪峰得到削弱,洪峰时间延长;(3)在相似的降雨历时的条件下洪水过程线历时增长。